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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1990
Topics: Animals; Eukaryota; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Protozoan Infections
PubMed: 2101593
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.10.2379-2380.1990 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Jun 1990
Topics: Animals; Eukaryota; Feces; Humans; Protozoan Infections
PubMed: 2353482
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2023Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are ultra-small silver particles with a size from 1 to 100 nanometers. Unlike bulk silver, they have unique physical and chemical... (Review)
Review
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are ultra-small silver particles with a size from 1 to 100 nanometers. Unlike bulk silver, they have unique physical and chemical properties. Numerous studies have shown that AgNPs have beneficial biological effects on various diseases, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antiviruses. One of the most well-known applications is in the field of antibacterial applications, where AgNPs have strong abilities to kill multi-drug resistant bacteria, making them a potential candidate as an antibacterial drug. Recently, AgNPs synthesized from plant extracts have exhibited outstanding antiparasitic effects, with a shorter duration of use and enhanced ability to inhibit parasite multiplication compared to traditional antiparasitic drugs. This review summarizes the types, characteristics, and the mechanism of action of AgNPs in anti-parasitism, mainly focusing on their effects in leishmaniasis, flukes, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, , , and . The aim is to provide a reference for the application of AgNPs in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.
PubMed: 37513969
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071783 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2023We aimed to determine the frequency and subtype of in diabetic patients.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to determine the frequency and subtype of in diabetic patients.
METHODS
One hundred and fifty diabetic patients and 100 healthy people without any chronic disease were included in the study. Stool samples were analyzed by native-Lugol, condensation, trichrome staining and PCR methods.
RESULTS
İn 150 patients with diabetes; was detected in 38 (25.3%) by PCR, in 34 (22.7%) by native-Lugol and trichrome staining. In the control group, 14 (14%) out of 100 subjects were positive by PCR, and 10 (10%) were positive by native-Lugol and trichrome staining. In the statistical evaluation, a significant difference was found between gender (P=0.023), age (P=0.045; ≤35 and >35 comparison), duration of diabetes (P=0.04), the HbA1c value (P=0.023; <8 and ≥8 comparison), and positivity. ST1 was determined in 76.9% of patients with diabetes, and ST2 was determined in 23.07%. Considering the 3 methods, positivity was detected in 40 patients (26.7%) in diabetic group and in 14 participants (14%) in the control group (P=0.011).
CONCLUSION
is a factor to be considered in patients with diabetes. Herein, the most common subtype detected in the patients with diabetes mellitus was ST1, but this result was not considered sufficient to reveal the importance of the subtype factor in the pathogenicity of in patients with diabetes. In this context, there is a need for more comprehensive studies in both diabetic and other immunocompromised patient groups.
PubMed: 37583637
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i2.13186 -
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2015To determine the associated clinical symptoms and prevalence of Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis).
OBJECTIVES
To determine the associated clinical symptoms and prevalence of Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis).
METHODS
Stool samples of 50,185 patients (26,784 males and 23,401 females) who were received at the Parasitology Laboratory of Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey in the last 5 years were inspected microscopically using saline and iodine-stained wet-mount preparations. Age, gender, and symptoms of patients were recorded and their significance was evaluated.
RESULTS
The prevalence of B. hominis in the total sample was 0.54% (275/50185). Out of 275 infected patients, 143 (52%) were males, and 132 (48%) were female (χ2=0.884; p=0.348). The distribution of B. hominis infection was high in 7-13 aged children (34.9%) (χ2=306.8; p=0.001). Blastocystis was higher among symptomatic patients (70.2%) compared with asymptomatic patients (29.8%) (χ2=107.13; p=0.001). The most frequent clinical symptoms associated with the disease were abdominal pain (27.3%) and diarrhea (19.6%) followed by anorexia, fever, saliva, anal itching, and nausea.
CONCLUSION
Blastocystis hominis is considered a causative agent of human disease in patients with recurrent symptoms. Due to the significant risk for zoonotic transmission, molecular techniques must be used to determine the route and source of infection.
Topics: Blastocystis Infections; Blastocystis hominis; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Turkey
PubMed: 26318472
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.9.12444 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Dec 2021and cause frequent infections in children in developing countries. However, the role of intestinal inflammation in their pathogenesis is still poorly understood....
and cause frequent infections in children in developing countries. However, the role of intestinal inflammation in their pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Faecal calprotectin (FC) level is used as an indicator of intestinal inflammation and neutrophil migration in the intestinal tract. The present study aimed to evaluate intestinal inflammation by measuring FC level among children infected with either or before and after treatment. Stool samples were collected from 282 children inhabiting a rural area in Egypt and examined microscopically for intestinal parasites. FC level was estimated in a group of children infected with (n = 12) or (n = 12) before and 3 weeks after receiving nitazoxanide (200 mg twice daily for 3 days) and compared to a control group (n = 18) of parasite-free children. Cases of mixed infection were excluded. Nitazoxanide cure rate was 83% in both infections with a remarkable reduction of infection intensity in uncured children. The difference in FC levels between infected children and controls was not statistically significant. Also, the difference between the pre- and post-treatment estimations was not statistically significant. Elevated levels were observed before treatment in three children (two infected with and one with ) who displayed normal post-treatment levels. Although and infections appear to cause no remarkable intestinal inflammation, they may induce abnormally elevated FC levels in a subset of children.
PubMed: 34789986
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01398-7 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2023In this study, we investigated the potential association between the burden of asymptomatic Blastocystis spp. (Blastocystis hominis) infection and nutritional status...
In this study, we investigated the potential association between the burden of asymptomatic Blastocystis spp. (Blastocystis hominis) infection and nutritional status among children under 2 years of age using the data collected from 1,715 children from eight distinct geographic locations, including Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Peru, Tanzania, Pakistan, Nepal, and South Africa. Childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight were the outcome variables, and B. hominis infection was the exposure variable of this present study. The presence of B. hominis in nondiarrheal stools was evaluated by TaqMan Array Cards. Site-specific incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression, and multiple generalized estimating equation was used to assess the association between the B. hominis infection and nutritional status. The site-specific incidence rates of asymptomatic B. hominis infections per 100 child-months were higher in Tanzania, Peru, and South Africa when compared with the other study sites. Moreover, in terms of site-specific association, childhood stunting was significantly associated with asymptomatic B. hominis infection in Bangladesh (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26-2.08), India (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.46-2.16), Nepal (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.60-3.21), Peru (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26-1.71), South Africa (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.35-1.83), and Tanzania (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.18-2.79) sites. Wasting was associated with B. hominis in the Brazil site only (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.31-7.77). On the other hand, underweight was associated in the Bangladesh (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.48-2.42), Brazil (OR: 4.41; 95% CI: 1.57-12.4), Nepal (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.52-3.35), and Tanzania (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.42-1.99) sites. Our analysis further reveals that the presence of additional pathogens may play a pathogenic role in children who have B. hominis infection.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Cohort Studies; Blastocystis hominis; Thinness; Incidence; Malnutrition; Growth Disorders; Blastocystis Infections
PubMed: 37037433
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0662 -
Medicinski Glasnik : Official... Feb 2021Aim To investigate the prevalence of sp. and among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients in two different outpatient clinics, Haji Adam Malik General...
Aim To investigate the prevalence of sp. and among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients in two different outpatient clinics, Haji Adam Malik General Hospital and Primary Care Centre of Padang Bulan, Medan, Indonesia, between two interval periods. Method spp. microscopic examination, as well as Jones' medium for , were conducted in the Parasitology Laboratory, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done in the Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This was a cross-sectional study, involving 54 diarrheic HIV positive patients (44 males, 10 females). The data were analysed by Spearmen rank correlation, interrater agreement, and 2 tests. Results Infection rate for spp. and was 24% (13 patients) and 9% (five patients), respectively. The prevalence of CD4 cell count below 200 cell/mm3 was relatively high, 29.6% (16 patients). There was a significant relationship between cryptosporidiosis and CD4 cell count (p=0.01; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.25-1.99). Microscopic examination was superior over ELISA, whose diagnostic value for sensitivity and specificity was 46.15% and 100.0%, respectively, and Kappa (K) coefficient of 0.56. Conclusion The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among HIV patients was still relatively high. CD4 count showed a significant relationship with spp. infection, but not with . Microscopic examination is still the most reliable technique to diagnose the parasites in faecal samples.
Topics: Blastocystis hominis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 33307637
DOI: 10.17392/1271-21 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2016Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterised by multi-factorial aetiology. In IBS physiopathology are involved... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterised by multi-factorial aetiology. In IBS physiopathology are involved diverse factors between them biological, psychosocial, and environmental components which affect the immune activation status of gut mucosa. Among these factors is recognized the intestinal parasitosis. Post-infection IBS (PI-IBS) is recognised as a subgroup of functional disorders whose symptoms onset appear after a symptomatic intestinal infection caused by microbial agents. There are few studies regarding of relationship between IBS and intestinal parasitosis in Chile. However, is has been well described a positive association between IBS and Blastocystis hominis infections, one of prevalent parasites in Chile. In other countries, is also described a relationship between IBS and amebiasis and giardiasis. Both, characterized by a common mode of transmission through water as well as contaminated food. Because the high prevalence of parasitosis in our country it is necessary to expand the association studies to clarify the strength of the parasites ethiology in IBS.
Topics: Blastocystis Infections; Blastocystis hominis; Chile; Entamoeba histolytica; Entamoebiasis; Giardia lamblia; Giardiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestinal Mucosa; Irritable Bowel Syndrome
PubMed: 27598274
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182016000300003 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2016The interactions of micro-organisms cohabitating with spans millennia, with microbial communities living in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Interacting to... (Review)
Review
The interactions of micro-organisms cohabitating with spans millennia, with microbial communities living in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Interacting to regulate and maintain physiological functions and immunological tolerance, the microbial community is able to exert an influence on host health. An example of micro-organisms contributing to an intestinal disease state is exhibited by a biodiverse range of protozoan and bacterial species that damage the intestinal epithelia and are therefore implicated in the symptoms of diarrhea. As a contentious exemplar, is a ubiquitous enteric protist that can adversely affect the intestines. The symptoms experienced are a consequence of the responses of the innate immune system triggered by the disruption of the intestinal barrier. The infiltration of the intestinal epithelial barrier involves a host of immune receptors, including toll like receptors and IgM/IgG/IgA antibodies as well as CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Whilst the mechanisms of interactions between the intestinal microbiome and protozoan parasites remain incompletely understood, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. Modulating the intestinal environment through the administration of probiotics has been postulated as a possible therapeutic agent to control the proliferation of intestinal microbes through their capacity to induce competition for occupation of a common biotype. The ultimate goal of this mechanism is to prevent infections of the like of giardiasis and eliminate its symptoms. The differing types of probiotics (i.e., bacteria and yeast) modulate immunity by stimulating the host immune system. Early animal studies support the potential benefits of probiotic administration to prevent intestinal infections, with human clinical studies showing probiotics can reduce the number of parasites and the severity of symptoms. The early clinical indications endorse probiotics as adjuncts in the pharmaceutical treatment of protozoan infections. Currently, the bar is set low for the conduct of well-designed clinical studies that will translate the use of probiotics to ameliorate protozoan infections, therefore the requisite is for further clinical research.
PubMed: 27854317
DOI: 10.3390/jcm5110102